This research investigates urban health through the lenses of complexity science and geospatial data science. Urban health, a multidimensional concept, has become increasingly critical as urbanization accelerates globally. This study seeks to deepen our understanding of systemic interactions and emergent phenomena shaping urban health outcomes.

Adopting the multidisciplinary perspective, this study leverages geospatial datasets, network analyses, and statistical methods to identify patterns and systemic causalities between multiple environmental exposures and health outcomes. Additionally, it examines how inequalities in health access manifest spatially and temporally, revealing the mechanisms behind emergent disparities and causalities. By applying complexity theory and innovative datasets, the research develops a novel insight to incorporate systemic feedback loops and causal emergence into health impact assessments.

Ultimately, this research aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and public health practitioners, fostering healthier, more equitable urban environments.