As climate change and environmental issues become more pressing, mountain areas are particularly vulnerable: faster temperature increases, retreating glaciers, retreating forests, etc. However, perhaps even more than elsewhere, environmental and socio-economic changes are closely linked, as they influence each other. The adaptive injunction is particularly strong here. The adaptation of winter sports resorts to climate change, in particular through tourism diversification, is the subject of an abundant literature. However, this is only a partial response to the development challenges of mountain areas, which are not "only" tourism-related. The objective of this post-doctoral research project is to examine the complexity of these issues, both in tourist resorts and elsewhere, and to highlight the individual and collective initiatives that are emerging to move these territories towards greater sustainability.